Vives in the 15th century, “All these things God created, He put them in our large home, the world, without surrounding them with walls and gates, so that they would be common to all His children.”
Paine on basic endowment, “It is a position not to be controverted, he writes, that the earth, in its natural, uncultivated state was, and ever would have continued to be, the common property of the human race.”
Fourier on right to subsistence, “Fourier argues that the violation of each person’s fundamental natural right to hunt, fish, pick fruit and let her/his cattle graze on the commons implies that “civilization” owes subsistence to everyone unable to meet her/his needs, in the form of a sixth class hotel room and three modest meals a day.”
Mills on Fourier and subsistence "In the distribution, a certain minimum is first assigned for the subsistence of every member of the community, whether capable or not of labour. The remainder of the produce is shared in certain proportions, to be determined beforehand, among the three elements, Labour, Capital, and Talent."
Russel on basic income, "that a certain small income, sufficient for necessaries, should be secured to all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income – as much larger as might be warranted by the total amount of commodities produced – should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful…When education is finished, no one should be compelled to work, and those who choose not to work should receive a bare livelihood and be left completely free."
George D.H. Cole on "social dividend”, "Current productive power is, in effect, a joint result of current effort and of the social heritage of inventiveness and skill incorporated in the stage of advancement and education reached in the arts of production; and it has always appeared to me only right that all the citizens should share in the yield of this common heritage, and that only the balance of the product after this allocation should be distributed in the form of rewards for, and incentives to, current service in production." See MYTEN OM MASKINEN: ESSÄER OM MAKT; MODERNITET OCH MILJÖ, COLONIALISM IN THE ANTROPOCENE: THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF THE MONEY-ENERGY-TECHNOLOGY COMPLEX on unequal use of our common resources
https://basicincome.org/history/ I ARBETSSAMHÄLLET – HUR ARBETET ÖVERLEVDE TEKNOLOGIN Nancy Fraser, feminism, universal care-giver model, basic income and men’s free riding on womens unpaid domestic labour 68 Basic income 215 The goal for the basic income because it could be used to sustain the current societal structure of overproduction 216 Zizek and critique of basic income as charity, as a way to avoid dealing with inequality. Wilde, “Just as the worst slave-owners were those who were kind to their slaves, and so prevented the horror of the system being realised by those who suffered from it”. The growth critical perspective on basic income as a tool to deal with inequality and power asymmetries. Gradual transition to a fair distribution of resources. 217 Essentialism and existentialism and basic income. Gorz and basic income. Before full automation of work some conditional work is required by human beings 218 I DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST Basic income won’t be enough 161 basic income as universal access to markets 164 I ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS – PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS Invention of money. Function of money can evade the laws of thermodynamics. It can created and destroyed. A medium of exchange, a unit of account and a store of value Money vs barter. means See DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST, Tony Greenham https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2KgrpFRHJI on money and money as social relations 285 50 hammers in use value vs exchange value. Diamond and water paradox. Exchange value is determined by marginal utility. Use value is determined by total utility. Production for use value is self-limiting, not production for exchange value. 50 hammers in use values rust but 50 hammers in exchange value, money, do not. “Since there is no limit to the accumulation of abstract exchange value, and since abstract exchange value is convertible into concrete use value, we seem to have concluded that there must not be any limit to concrete use values either. This has perhaps led to the notion that exponential growth, the law of money growing in the bank at compound interest, is also the law of growth of the real, or material, economy.” See Dougnut Economy on interest and demurrage, THINKING IN SYSTEMS – A PRIMER on interest as idea 287 Soddy on wealth and money as claim to wealth, as debt, negative wealth. Soddy 1926, “you can’t permanently pit an absurd human convention, such as the spontaneous increment of debt (compound), against the natural law of the spontaneous decrement of wealth (entropy)”. Virtual wealth is physical real assets debt. 288 Tobin and the fiduciary issue. Wealth and money. 289 Difference between money and currency. Growth built into the money system where banks create money through loans with interest! See DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST, Tony Greenham https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2KgrpFRHJI on money and money as social relations 290 Box 14.3, 1. Fiat money. Ithaca HOURS ! See DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST 290, 291 Fractional reserve system. Only 10 % 292 Money destroyed when loans are paid back but because of interested more money is required to pay back pushing an increase in money supply. Money is a public good. Money is relational. See DOUGHNUT ECONOMICS: SEVEN WAYS TO THINK LIKE A 21ST-CENTURY ECONOMIST, Tony Greenham https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2KgrpFRHJI on money and money as social relations 293 Money created with loan and interest creates a strong growth bias. 100 % percent reserve requirement. 294 Soddy, Nobel Prize winner in chemistry on thermodynamics and money and how an irrational economic system working against science being used to benefit human kind. Therefore the economic system needs to change money being a big part of the flaws of economic system. Money as an imaginary magnitude obey nothing, no thermodynamics laws. Real wealth however has a physical dimension and obey laws of thermodynamics and this create a conflict when we human thinks wealth behaves like the imaginary symbol money. M. King Hubbert on exponential growth a transient phase in human history. Chessboard of wheat shows the impossibility of growth. 295 Impossibility of growth, doublings cannot go on forever. However, economists believes so and also use it to discount future. 296 Keynes “Speculators may do no harm as bubbles on a steady stream of enterprise. But the position is serious when enterprise becomes the bubble on a whirlpool of speculation. When the capital development of a country becomes a by-product of the activities of a casino, the job is likely to be ill-done”. 30 trillion dollars global productions per year vs 2 trillion dollar per year of paper purchasing , electrons purchasing electrons. This speculation growth of money is not possible because growth in money is meaningless unless there is a corresponding increase in real wealth. Zero-sum game between speculator and producer of something something. 297 Illusions of that growth of money can grow without physical limits results from: 1. Production of real goods and services increases. But this cannot continue forever on a finite planet! 2. Financial assets grow or increase in price demand for money grows. But bubbles burst! 3. Financial capital grow because speculation transfers resource from those who produce to those who speculate. But this transfer has limits even if it is obscured by economic growth. It is impossible for real money to grow without limit! 298 Basic income can break the positive feedback loop of recession. 445 I EU LEADERS REACH DEAL ON CORONAVIRUS RECOVERY PACKAGE – DW I JOE BIDEN UNVEILS $1.9TN US ECONOMIC RELIEF PACKAGE - BBC NEWS